snmp_exporter监控交换机网络流量

一.背景与需求

最近收到机房账单多出了将近70M下行带宽，多交了8K多的费用，很是蛋疼。IDC机房使用每月保底带宽模式, 例如保底100M带宽/月，如果利用955计费方式，没超出100M则只收机柜和保底带宽的费用，如果超出1M则按照额外进行收费。 这里比较蛋疼的是，上行和下行带宽默认不做限制，最高可以跑到1G。。。，之前没做好交换机流量监控，导致没能及时发现问题。Zabbix可以根据交换机开启的snmp服务，采集到交换机各个口的流量指标，但是由于现在已经全面转向Prometheus体系，所以只能通过一些方法将这个监控接入Prometheus。
简单网络管理协议（Simple Network Management Protocol, SNMP）原名叫做简单网关监控协议（Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol, SGMP）。最早是IETF的研究小组提出来的，在SGMP协议的基础之上，加上新的管理信息结构和管理信息库，让SGMP更加全面。简单性和扩展性是SNMP所体现出来的，其中包含数据库类型（Database Schema），一个应用层协议（Application Layer Protocol）和一些资料文件。SNMP管理协议不光能够加强网络管理系统的效能，而且还可以用来对网络中的资源进行管理和实时监控。

snmp_exporter

正好官方prometheus项目就提供了这个关于snmp的exporter，按照对接方式将snmp指标采集即可。
运行命令测试snmp是否正常(默认community是public, 但是如果改过了记得改，要不然测试不通):

script

snmpwalk -v2c -c my_community 10.23.0.253 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1

返回获取到交换机端口列表则表示正常。
snmp_exporter独立运行，并且要加载一个snmp.yml配置文件。 snmp.yml配置文件内容就是包含如下(默认指标):

# WARNING: This file was auto-generated using snmp_exporter generator, manual changes will be lost.
if_mib:
  version: 2
  auth:
    community: my_community #这个要根据情况定,默认是public,但是如果已经自定义,则填入自定义的community
  walk:
  - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2
  - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1
  get:
  - 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0
  - 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0
  - 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0
  metrics:
  - name: sysDescr
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1
    type: DisplayString
    help: A textual description of the entity - 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1
  - name: sysUpTime
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3
    type: gauge
    help: The time (in hundredths of a second) since the network management portion
      of the system was last re-initialized. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3
  - name: sysName
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5
    type: DisplayString
    help: An administratively-assigned name for this managed node - 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5
  - name: ifNumber
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.1
    type: gauge
    help: The number of network interfaces (regardless of their current state) present
      on this system. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.1
  - name: ifIndex
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1
    type: gauge
    help: A unique value for each interface - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifType
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.3
    type: EnumAsInfo
    help: The type of interface, distinguished according to the physical/link protocol(s)
      immediately `below' the network layer in the protocol stack. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.3
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
    enum_values:
      1: other
      2: regular1822
      3: hdh1822
      4: ddn-x25
      5: rfc877-x25
      6: ethernet-csmacd
      7: iso88023-csmacd
      8: iso88024-tokenBus
      9: iso88025-tokenRing
      10: iso88026-man
      11: starLan
      12: proteon-10Mbit
      13: proteon-80Mbit
      14: hyperchannel
      15: fddi
      16: lapb
      17: sdlc
      18: ds1
      19: e1
      20: basicISDN
      21: primaryISDN
      22: propPointToPointSerial
      23: ppp
      24: softwareLoopback
      25: eon
      26: ethernet-3Mbit
      27: nsip
      28: slip
      29: ultra
      30: ds3
      31: sip
      32: frame-relay
  - name: ifMtu
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.4
    type: gauge
    help: The size of the largest datagram which can be sent/received on the interface,
      specified in octets - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.4
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifSpeed
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.5
    type: gauge
    help: An estimate of the interface's current bandwidth in bits per second - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.5
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifPhysAddress
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.6
    type: PhysAddress48
    help: The interface's address at the protocol layer immediately `below' the network
      layer in the protocol stack - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.6
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifAdminStatus
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.7
    type: gauge
    help: The desired state of the interface - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.7
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
    enum_values:
      1: up
      2: down
      3: testing
  - name: ifOperStatus
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.8
    type: gauge
    help: The current operational state of the interface - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.8
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
    enum_values:
      1: up
      2: down
      3: testing
  - name: ifLastChange
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.9
    type: gauge
    help: The value of sysUpTime at the time the interface entered its current operational
      state - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.9
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifInOctets
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10
    type: counter
    help: The total number of octets received on the interface, including framing
      characters. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifInUcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.11
    type: counter
    help: The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
      - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.11
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifInNUcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.12
    type: counter
    help: The number of non-unicast (i.e., subnetwork- broadcast or subnetwork-multicast)
      packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.12
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifInDiscards
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.13
    type: counter
    help: The number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though
      no errors had been detected to prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer
      protocol - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.13
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifInErrors
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.14
    type: counter
    help: The number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them from
      being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.14
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifInUnknownProtos
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.15
    type: counter
    help: The number of packets received via the interface which were discarded because
      of an unknown or unsupported protocol. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.15
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifOutOctets
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16
    type: counter
    help: The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including framing
      characters. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifOutUcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.17
    type: counter
    help: The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted
      to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not
      sent. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.17
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifOutNUcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.18
    type: counter
    help: The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted
      to a non- unicast (i.e., a subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast) address,
      including those that were discarded or not sent. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.18
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifOutDiscards
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.19
    type: counter
    help: The number of outbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though
      no errors had been detected to prevent their being transmitted - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.19
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifOutErrors
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.20
    type: counter
    help: The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of
      errors. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.20
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifOutQLen
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.21
    type: gauge
    help: The length of the output packet queue (in packets). - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.21
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifSpecific
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.22
    type: OctetString
    help: A reference to MIB definitions specific to the particular media being used
      to realize the interface - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.22
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifInMulticastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.2
    type: counter
    help: The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)layer,
      which were addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.2
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifInBroadcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.3
    type: counter
    help: The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)layer,
      which were addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.3
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifOutMulticastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.4
    type: counter
    help: The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted,
      and which were addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer, including
      those that were discarded or not sent - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.4
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifOutBroadcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.5
    type: counter
    help: The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted,
      and which were addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer, including
      those that were discarded or not sent - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.5
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifHCInOctets
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.6
    type: counter
    help: The total number of octets received on the interface, including framing
      characters - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.6
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifHCInUcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.7
    type: counter
    help: The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)layer,
      which were not addressed to a multicast or broadcast address at this sub-layer
      - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.7
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifHCInMulticastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.8
    type: counter
    help: The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)layer,
      which were addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.8
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifHCInBroadcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.9
    type: counter
    help: The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)layer,
      which were addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.9
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifHCOutOctets
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.10
    type: counter
    help: The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including framing
      characters - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.10
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifHCOutUcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.11
    type: counter
    help: The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted,
      and which were not addressed to a multicast or broadcast address at this sub-layer,
      including those that were discarded or not sent - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.11
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifHCOutMulticastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.12
    type: counter
    help: The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted,
      and which were addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer, including
      those that were discarded or not sent - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.12
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifHCOutBroadcastPkts
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.13
    type: counter
    help: The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted,
      and which were addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer, including
      those that were discarded or not sent - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.13
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifLinkUpDownTrapEnable
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.14
    type: gauge
    help: Indicates whether linkUp/linkDown traps should be generated for this interface
      - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.14
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
    enum_values:
      1: enabled
      2: disabled
  - name: ifHighSpeed
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.15
    type: gauge
    help: An estimate of the interface's current bandwidth in units of 1,000,000 bits
      per second - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.15
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
  - name: ifPromiscuousMode
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.16
    type: gauge
    help: This object has a value of false(2) if this interface only accepts packets/frames
      that are addressed to this station - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.16
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
    enum_values:
      1: "true"
      2: "false"
  - name: ifConnectorPresent
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.17
    type: gauge
    help: This object has the value 'true(1)' if the interface sublayer has a physical
      connector and the value 'false(2)' otherwise. - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.17
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString
    enum_values:
      1: "true"
      2: "false"
  - name: ifCounterDiscontinuityTime
    oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.19
    type: gauge
    help: The value of sysUpTime on the most recent occasion at which any one or more
      of this interface's counters suffered a discontinuity - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.19
    indexes:
    - labelname: ifIndex
      type: gauge
    lookups:
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifAlias
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifDescr
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
      type: DisplayString
    - labels:
      - ifIndex
      labelname: ifName
      oid: 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1
      type: DisplayString

我使用的是docker-compose的方式运行snmp_exporter, docker-compose.yml如下:

version: "3"
services:
  snmp-exporter:
    image: prom/snmp-exporter:latest
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "9116:9116"
    volumes:
      - ./docker/snmp/snmp.yml:/etc/snmp_exporter/snmp.yml
    healthcheck:
      test: [ "CMD-SHELL", "ps aux | grep 'snmp_exporter' || exit 1" ]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

prometheus.yml配置文件如下:
我采用文件发现的形式，将配置写在switch.json中, 这样以后修改关于交换机的信息，更改后直接热加载，如果直接写死在promeths.yml每次都要重启prometheus.

- job_name: 'snmp' #交换机SNMP监控
  file_sd_configs:
    - files:
        - /etc/prometheus/customer_conf/switch.json
      refresh_interval: 1m
  metrics_path: /snmp
  params:
    auth: [public_v2]
    module: [if_mib]
  relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: 10.23.30.2:9116 #这个换成snmp_exporter的ip:port

switch.json内容如下: 默认填入交换机的IP地址

[
  {
    "targets": ["10.23.0.253"],
    "labels": {}
  }
]

Grafana面板ID: 11169

官方Grafana Dashbord面板: https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11169-snmp-stats/

接入面板就可以看到交换机各个口的流量(上行/下行)都可以一览无余了，哈哈哈。再配置告警即可。

面板可以再自定义做一个监控连接防火墙/公网流量的出口即可监控整个机房的公网流量(上行和下行)。